Ultimate Python Programming

Preface

Introduction to Python

• What makes Python so popular
• Python implementation
• Installing Python
• Python Interactive Mode
• Executing a Python Script
• IDLE
• Getting Help

Getting Started

• Identifiers, Python Types, Objects
• Variables and assignment
• Operators, Expressions, Order of operations
• Type Conversion, Statements
• Printing Output, Getting user input
• Complete programs, Comments, Indentation
• Container types, Mutable and Immutable Types
• Functions and methods, Importing
• Errors, PEP8, Exercise

Strings

• Indexing, Immutability, Slicing
• Concatenation, Repetition, Membership
• Whitespace, Multiline strings
• String methods, Case-changing, Character classification
• Aligning text, Trimming, Searching and replacing
• String comparison, Conversions, Escape sequences, Raw literals
• Formatting using format() method, Character encodings
• Exercise

Lists and Tuples

• Accessing, slicing, changing, adding, and removing elements
• Sorting, reversing, searching, comparing
• Built-in functions, Random module usage
• Nested lists, Copying, Repetition
• Tuples, Packing and unpacking
• Exercise

Dictionaries and Sets

• Adding, modifying, retrieving key-value pairs
• Keys, values, items, existence checks, deletion
• Dictionary creation and combination, Nesting, Aliasing
• Sets: creating, adding/removing, comparison, union/intersection/difference
• Frozenset, Exercise

Conditional Execution

• if, else, elif statements
• Truthiness, Short-circuit operators, if-else operator
• Exercise

Loops

• while and for loops, Nesting, break, continue, else, pass
• Loop comparison, Exercise

Looping Techniques

• Sorted/reversed iteration, Unique values
• Index-based loops, Modifying lists during iteration
• range/len, enumerate, zip, Infinite loop with break
• Exercise

Comprehensions

• List, Dictionary, and Set comprehensions
• if clause, Ternary operators, Nested comprehensions
• Column extraction, Avoiding aliasing
• Exercise

Functions

• Definition, call, flow of control, parameters, arguments
• Local variables, return, multiple returns
• Positional, Keyword, Default, Variable arguments
• Function objects, Attributes, Docstrings, Annotations
• Recursive functions, Exercise

Modules and Packages

• Modules: types, creation, importing, aliasing
• Packages: importing, subpackages, relative imports
• Byte compilation, Reloading, Scripts vs Modules
• Exercise

Namespaces and Scope

• Namespaces, Scope, Name resolution
• global and nonlocal statements
• Exercise

Files

• Opening, modes, buffering, binary/text files, closing
• with statement, Random access, Reading/writing, Line-oriented reading
• Command line arguments, Pickle, Exercise
• Project: Hangman Game

Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes, Instance objects, Methods, Instance variables
• Initializer, Data hiding, Class variables, Class/Instance namespaces
• Class methods, Static methods, Properties, Designing a class
• Exercise
• Projects: Quiz creation, Snakes and Ladders, Log in system

Magic Methods

• Overloading operators, Reverse/In-place methods
• Comparison, String representation, Construction/Destruction
• Callable instances, Type conversion, List of magic methods
• Exercise
• Project: Date Class

Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Inheritance, Overriding, Base class invocation
• Multilevel & Multiple inheritance, MRO, super
• Polymorphism, Abstract Base Classes, Composition
• Exercise

Iterators and Generators

• Iterables, Iterators, for-loop context
• Creating custom iterators, Lazy evaluation, itertools module
• Generators: function vs expression
• Exercise

Decorators

• Introduction, Writing and applying decorators
• Decorator examples: Timer, Logger, Counting calls
• Decorating with arguments, Preserving metadata
• Class decorators, Exercise

Lambda Expressions and Functional Programming

• Lambda expressions, Closures, Jump tables
• Functional programming: map, filter, reduce
• operator module, Exercise

Exception Handling

• Types of errors, Handling exceptions, try/except/finally/else
• Nested try, Raising/Re-raising, Chaining exceptions
• Custom exceptions, Assertions, Exercise

Context Managers

• with statement, Custom context managers
• Using context managers in standard library
• Nested with statements, Decorator-based context managers, Exercise